urinary tract infection (UTI), an infection of one or more structures in the urinary system. Most UTIs are caused by gram-negative bacteria, most commonly Escherichia coli or species of Klebsiella, Proteus, Pseudomonas, or Enterobacter, although other strains, such as Staphylococcus and Serratia, are emerging. Also called urinary infection. Kinds include cystitis, pyelonephritis, urethritis. ▪ OBSERVATIONS: The condition is more common in women than in men. UTIs may be asymptomatic but are usually characterized by urinary frequency, burning pain with voiding, and, if the infection is severe, visible blood and pus in the urine. Fever and back pain often accompany kidney infections. Diagnosis of the cause and location of the infection is made by microscopic examination and bacteriological culture of a urine specimen, physical examination of the patient, and, if necessary, various radiological techniques such as retrograde pyelography or cystoscopy. ▪ INTERVENTIONS: Treatment includes antibacterial, analgesic, and urinary antiseptic drugs and increased fluid intake up to 3 L/day unless contraindicated. ▪ PATIENT CARE CONSIDERATIONS: Teaching the patient about increased fluid intake, frequent voiding, and good perineal hygiene is also helpful.
