trichinosis /trik′inō″sis/ [Gk, thrix + osis, condition] , infestation with the parasitic roundworm Trichinella spiralis, transmitted by eating raw or undercooked meat containing cysts (pork, bear, or other wild game). Early symptoms of infection include abdominal pain, nausea, fever, and diarrhea. Later, muscle pain, tenderness, fatigue, and eosinophilia are observed. Light infections may be asymptomatic. Also called trichinellosis, trichiniasis. ▪ OBSERVATIONS: Encysted larvae in improperly cooked pork mature in the intestines of the host, with mature worms depositing their larvae in the intestinal wall. The larvae penetrate the intestinal mucosa and move to other parts of the body through the blood and lymphatic systems, ultimately invading skeletal muscles, especially the diaphragm and the chest muscles, where they encyst. Larval penetration of the brain or heart may result in death. Serological tests, skin sensitivity tests, and microscopic examination of specimens of infested muscle obtained by a biopsy often contribute to the diagnosis. ▪ INTERVENTIONS: There is no specific treatment. Analgesics, thiabendazole, and corticosteroids may relieve symptoms. Bed rest is recommended to prevent relapse and possible death. After 2 or 3 months, the organisms are completely encysted and cause no further symptoms.
