thyroidectomy /thī′roidek″təmē/ [Gk, thyreos + eidos, form, ektomē, excision] , the surgical removal of the thyroid gland. It is performed for colloid goiter, tumors, or hyperthyroidism that does not respond to iodine therapy and antithyroid drugs. All but 5% to 10% of the gland is removed. Regrowth usually begins shortly after surgery, and thyroid function may return to normal. For cancer of the thyroid, the entire gland is removed, followed by iodine-131 remnant ablation. Before surgery the basal metabolism rate is lowered to normal by giving iodine and antithyroid drugs. If a tumor is present, a frozen section of the affected tissue is examined by a pathologist. If malignant cells are found, all the gland is removed. After surgery the patient is most comfortable in semi-Fowler’s position with continuous mist inhalation administered to liquefy oral secretions. Oral suctioning may be necessary. A tracheotomy set and oxygen are kept in the room. Calcium gluconate is on hand for use if the patient develops tetany. After surgery the patient is observed for signs of hemorrhage, respiratory difficulty caused by edema of the glottis, and the muscular twitching of tetany from inadvertent removal of a parathyroid gland.
