squamous cell carcinoma, a slow-growing malignant tumor of squamous epithelium, frequently found in the lungs and skin and occurring also in the anus, cervix, larynx, nose, and bladder. The neoplastic cells characteristically resemble prickle cells and form keratin pearls. Although oral cancer is rare (less than 3% of all cancers), 94% of oral malignancies are squamous cell carcinoma. It may appear as a keratotic plaque; a crusted or noncrusted ulcer; a slightly raised lesion with central ulceration and a rolled border; a red, white or red/white combination velvety area; invasive or burrowing into oral tissues; or a verruciform (multilobulated) growth. The most common intraoral site is the tongue, followed in descending frequency by the soft palate, gingiva, buccal mucosa, labial mucosa, and the hard palate. Lesions may metastasize through the lymph nodes. Treatment and prognosis varies according to site, size, and stage of disease progression. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to increase survival rates. Also called epidermoid carcinoma.
