septic shock, a form of shock that occurs in septicemia when endotoxins or exotoxins are released from certain bacteria in the bloodstream, occasionally caused by the presence of fungi or viruses in the blood. These toxins cause vasodilation, resulting in a dramatic fall in blood pressure. Fever, tachycardia, increased respiration rate, and confusion or coma also may occur. Septic shock is usually preceded by signs of severe infection, often of the genitourinary or GI system. The causative bacterium is most frequently gram-negative. Antibiotics, vasopressors, and IV fluids and volume expanders are usually given. In some cases, treatment with monoclonal antibodies may be considered. Compare hypovolemic shock. Kinds include toxic shock syndrome, bacteremic shock. See also shock.
