orthognathic surgery, reconstruction of the mandible, the maxilla, or both, performed to repair acquired or congenital facial defects like cleft palate. Surgery is usually not performed until the patient has enough permanent teeth to permit postoperative immobilization. Although an oral and maxillofacial surgeon performs the surgery, an orthodontist and sometimes a speech and language therapist are involved in the planning. Root canal surgery is a common complication.
