material fact

material fact /mətir″ē·əl/ [L, materia, matter, factum] , 1. (in law) a fact that establishes or refutes an element essential to the complaint, charge, or defense. The presence of a material fact in a case being tried precludes granting of a summary judgment. 2. a fact that would be important to a reasonable person in deciding whether to engage in a transaction or not.