gingivitis /jin′jivī″tis/ [L, gingiva + Gk, itis, inflammation] , inflammation of the gingiva, with symptoms that may include redness, swelling, and bleeding. Gingivitis is generally the result of poor oral hygiene and of the accumulation of bacterial plaque on the teeth, but it may be a sign of other conditions, such as diabetes mellitus, leukemia, hormonal changes, or vitamin deficiency. It is common in pregnancy, is usually painless, and may be acute or chronic. Research is finding associations between the occurrence of periodontal disease and heart disease, stroke, asthma, and low birth weight neonates. Frequent removal of plaque and regular visits to the dentist or dental hygienist along with proper oral hygiene may help in prevention. Compare necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis. ▪ OBSERVATIONS: This gum inflammation is usually painless in its early stages and manifests as redness, swelling, and bleeding of the gums. Halitosis and bluish gum discoloration may also be present. Complications include development of pus pockets and abscess formation and pain. Diagnosis is made on oral examination. ▪ INTERVENTIONS: Treatment is targeted at plaque removal and antibiotics for signs of infection. Soft tissue debridement may be indicated for chronic or severe cases. ▪ PATIENT CARE CONSIDERATIONS: Interventions should focus on education about appropriate oral hygiene (brushing, flossing, and gum massage) and regular dental care with professional teeth cleaning.
