conjugation /kon′jəgā″shən/ , 1. (in biology) an exchange or transfer of genetic information between two individuals in certain types of unicellular organisms, including bacteria and some protozoa. In Paramecium, for example, both partners swap micronuclear material. The exchanged material is incorporated and passed on to progeny after replication. 2. (in chemistry) a network of atoms connected together by alternating single and double bonds.