contracture /kəntrak″chər/ [L, contractura, a pulling together] , an abnormal condition of a joint, characterized by decreased motion and stiffness. It may be caused by atrophy and shortening of muscle fibers resulting from immobilization or by loss of the normal elasticity of connective tissues or the skin, as from the formation of extensive scar tissue over a joint. See also Volkmann’s contracture. ▪ OBSERVATIONS: A goniometer is used to determine the range of motion of a joint. ▪ INTERVENTIONS: The goals of the health care team are to prevent deformity and to preserve or enhance range of motion. A coordinated approach will assist in the achievement of goals. Physical therapy is commonly used to increase the range of motion of muscles, as well as to preserve muscle strength. Occupational therapists will often fabricate orthotic devices to maintain function. Surgery may be necessary to lengthen muscles. ▪ PATIENT CARE CONSIDERATIONS: Prevention of contractures is a responsibility of every member of the health care team, including the patient. When contractures develop in a hospital setting, it is important to continue treatment when the patient is discharged. Follow-up by a home health nurse is often necessary to ensure that the patient and family understand the treatment plan.
