colectomy /kəlek″təmē/ [Gk, kolon, colon, ektomē, excision] , surgical excision of part or all of the colon, performed to treat cancer of the colon, diverticulitis, or severe chronic ulcerative colitis. For several days before surgery a low-residue diet is prescribed. Antibiotics, bowel-cleansing enemas, or an oral bowel preparation solution are given to reduce the number of bacteria in the bowel. Parenteral fluids and electrolytes are given, and a nasogastric tube is passed. The nurse gives postoperative care as for any abdominal surgery. The nasogastric tube is connected to suction and remains in place until bowel sounds are heard. See also abdominal surgery.
