chronic alcoholism, a pathological condition resulting from the habitual use of alcohol in excessive amounts. The syndrome involves complex cultural, psychological, social, and physiological factors and usually impairs an individual’s health and ability to function normally in society. Symptoms of the disease include anorexia, diarrhea, weight loss, neurological and psychiatric disturbances (most notably depression), and fatty deterioration of the liver, sometimes leading to cirrhosis. Treatment depends on the severity of the disease and its resulting complications; nutritional therapy, use of tranquilizers in the detoxification process, and hospitalization may be necessary. Alcoholism is not often detected in patients admitted to the hospital for care after an accident or for esophagitis, gastritis, peripheral neuropathy, anemia, or depression, all of which are secondary effects of alcoholism. If the patient is to undergo an operation, it is imperative that the anesthesiologist be notified of the condition, which can affect sensitivity to anesthetics. Alcoholism is a family disease, and the health professional can be instrumental in guiding the patient’s family to seek treatment. Long-term support for alcoholics and their families is offered by such organizations as Alcoholics Anonymous, Al-Anon, Alateen, and rehabilitation facilities for alcoholism. Compare acute alcoholism. See also alcoholism.
