rat-bite fever [AS, raet + bitan, to bite] , either of two distinct infections transmitted to humans, commonly by the bite of a rat or mouse but also by contact with excretions of the mouth, nose, or urine of an infected animal. Kinds include Haverhill fever, sodoku. ▪ OBSERVATIONS: It is characterized by fever, headache, malaise, nausea, vomiting, and rash. In the United States and Canada the disease is more commonly caused by Streptobacillus moniliformis. Its unique features are a rash on palms and soles, painful joints, prompt healing of the wound, and a duration of 2 weeks. In the Far East, rat-bite fever is usually caused by Spirillum minus and is associated with an asymmetric rash on the extremities, no joint symptoms, a relapsing fever, swelling at the site of the wound, regional lymphadenopathy, and a duration of 4 to 8 weeks. Relapse is common. ▪ INTERVENTIONS: Penicillin administered intramuscularly is effective in treating either form of the disease. ▪ PATIENT CARE CONSIDERATIONS: If left untreated, severe complications, such as infection of the heart valves, may occur.
