arthroplasty /är″thrəplast′ē/ [Gk, arthron + plassein, to mold] , the surgical reconstruction or replacement of a painful, degenerated joint to restore mobility in osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis or to correct a congenital deformity. Also called joint replacement. See also osteoarthritis. ▪ METHOD: Either the bones of the joint are reshaped and soft tissue or a metal disk is placed between the reshaped ends, or all or part of the joint is replaced with a metal or plastic prosthesis. ▪ PATIENT CARE CONSIDERATIONS: Preoperative care may include the typing and crossmatching of blood. After surgery the patient may be placed in traction to immobilize the affected limb. Physical therapy to increase muscle strength and range of motion is allowed on a slow, progressive schedule. When a lower extremity is involved, weight-bearing activity may or may not be allowed. Frequent checks of distal circulation are made, and the nurse watches for bleeding, thrombophlebitis, pulmonary embolism, or fat embolism. Antibiotics are usually given to prevent infection, which is the most common cause of failure of the surgery. ▪ OUTCOME CRITERIA: The goal of the procedure is the relief of pain and restoration of full range of motion.
