parenteral nutrition, the administration of nutrients by a route other than the alimentary canal, most often through a central intravenous line. The nutrients may not be nutritionally complete but maintain fluid and electrolyte balance during the immediate postoperative period and in other conditions, such as shock, coma, malnutrition, and chronic renal and hepatic failures. Increasingly, long-term outpatient use of parenteral nutrition for conditions interfering with gastrointestinal absorption such as Crohn’s disease and ischemic bowel disease is employed. See also total parenteral nutrition. ▪ METHOD: The nutrients, or parenteral fluids, usually consist of physiological saline solution with glucose, amino acids, electrolytes, vitamins, and medications. Lipids can be added as a supplementary infusion for individuals requiring long-term nutritional supplementation. ▪ PATIENT CARE CONSIDERATIONS: Nutritional needs may change with time; careful monitoring is required. Patient education on care for long-term use is imperative. ▪ OUTCOME CRITERIA: Maintenance of a healthy weight, the provision of sufficient energy to participate in activities of daily living, and appropriate fluid and electrolyte balance are expected outcomes.
