interstitial cystitis (IC), an inflammation of the bladder, believed to be associated with an autoimmune or allergic response. The bladder wall becomes inflamed, ulcerated, and scarred, causing frequent painful urination. Hematuria may occur. Treatment may include distension of the bladder and cauterization of the ulcers (if present), dietary modification, oral or intravesical medication, pain management, and alternative therapies such as acupuncture. Cystectomy with urinary diversion is rarely indicated. The condition occurs most often in women and may resemble the early stages of bladder cancer. Diagnosis is often by exclusion and may require cystoscopy and biopsy. Also called painful bladder syndrome. See also Hunner’s ulcer.
