hematemesis /hē′mətem″əsis, hem′-/ [Gk, haima + emesis, vomiting] , vomiting of bright red blood, indicating rapid upper GI bleeding, commonly associated with esophageal varices or peptic ulcer. The rate and the source of bleeding are determined by endoscopic examination. Any blood found in the stomach is removed by nasogastric suction. Treatment requires replacement of blood by transfusion, administration of IV fluids for maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance, and possible gastric lavage. Surgery may be necessary. The patient is usually anxious and needs quiet, warmth, and reassurance. Also spelled haematemesis. See also gastrointestinal bleeding.
