exophthalmia /ek′softhal″mē·ə/ [Gk, exo + ophthalmos, eye] , an abnormal condition characterized by a marked protrusion of the eyeballs (exophthalmos), usually resulting from the increased volume of the orbital contents caused by a tumor; swelling associated with cerebral, intraocular, or intraorbital edema or hemorrhage; paralysis of or trauma to the extraocular muscles; or cavernous sinus thrombosis. It may also be caused by endocrine disorders such as hyperthyroidism and Graves’ disease, varicose veins within the orbit, or injury to orbital bones. Visual acuity may be impaired in exophthalmia; keratitis, ulceration, infection, and blindness may also occur. Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Acute advanced exophthalmia is often irreversible. Also called protrusio bulbi. See also proptosis. −exophthalmic, adj.
